Bulugh
al-Maram
بلوغ المرام
Oaths and Vows
كتاب الأيمان والنذور
Bulugh al-Maram 1374
Narrated Ibn 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him)
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) overtook 'Umar bin al-Khattab when he was with a party of riders of about ten and 'Umar was swearing by his father. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) called them and said, "Verily! Allah forbids you from swearing by your fathers. Therefore, if anyone swears, he must swear by Allah or keep silent." [Agreed upon]عَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا, { عَنْ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -أَنَّهُ أَدْرَكَ عُمَرَ بْنَ اَلْخَطَّابِ فِي رَكْبٍ, وَعُمَرَ يَحْلِفُ بِأَبِيهِ, فَنَادَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -"أَلَا إِنَّ اَللَّهَ يَنْهَاكُمْ أَنْ تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائِكُمْ, فَمَنْ كَانَ حَالِفاً فَلْيَحْلِفْ بِاَللَّهِ, أَوْ لِيَصْمُتْ" } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ 1 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1375
In a narration which is Marfu' (attributed to the Prophet) reported by Abu Dawud and an-Nasa'i from May Allah be pleased with him it has
"Do not swear by your fathers, nor by your mothers, nor by the rivals (set up as equals with Allah); and do not swear by Allah except when you are speaking the truth."وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِأَبِي دَاوُدَ, وَالنَّسَائِيِّ: عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - { لَا تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائِكُمْ, وَلَا بِأُمَّهَاتِكُمْ, وَلَا بِالْأَنْدَادِ, وَلَا تَحْلِفُوا إِلَّا بِاَللَّهِ, وَلَا تَحْلِفُوا بِاَللَّهِ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُمْ صَادِقُونَ" } 1 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1376
Narrated May Allah be pleased with him
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Your oath will be about that matter which your adversary has required you to swear about so that he will believe you." In another narration: "An oath is to be interpreted according to the intention of the one who requested it (Al-Mustahlif)." [Muslim reported both narrations].وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ " يَمِينُكَ عَلَى مَا يُصَدِّقُكَ بِهِ صَاحِبُكَ" } وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: { "اَلْيَمِينُ عَلَى نِيَّةِ اَلْمُسْتَحْلِفِ" } أَخْرَجَهُمَا مُسْلِمٌ 1 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1377
Narrated 'Abdur-Rahman bin Samura (RA)
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "When you swear an oath and then consider something else to be better than it, make atonement for your oath and do the thing that is better." [Agreed upon]. A wording of al-Bukhari has: "Do the thing that is better and make atonement for your oath." In a narration by Abu Dawud: "Make atonement for your oath, then do the thing that is better." [The chains of narrators of both Ahadith are Sahih (authentic)].وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةٍ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ وَإِذَا حَلَفْتَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ, فَرَأَيْتُ غَيْرَهَا خَيْراً مِنْهَا, فَكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ, وَائْتِ اَلَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ" } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ 1 . وَفِي لَفْظٍ لِلْبُخَارِيِّ: { " فَائِت اَلَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ, وَكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ" } 2 . وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِأَبِي دَاوُدَ: { " فَكَفِّرْ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ, ثُمَّ اِئْتِ اَلَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ" } وَإِسْنَادُهَا صَحِيحٌ 3 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1378
Narrated Ibn 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him)
"Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Whoever swears an oath, and then says: "If Allah Wills", he is not held accountable if he breaks it." [Ahmad and al-Arba'a reported it, and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا; أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ: { "مَنْ حَلِفِ عَلَى يَمِينٍ فَقَالَ: إِنْ شَاءَ اَللَّهُ, فَلَا حِنْثَ عَلَيْهِ" } رَوَاهُ اَلْخَمْسَةُ 1 . وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ 2 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1379
Narrated Ibn Umar (May Allah be pleased with him)
The Prophet's oath (ﷺ) used to be: "No, by Him Who turns (changes) the hearts." [Reported by al-Bukhari].وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: { كَانَتْ يَمِينُ اَلنَّبِيِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -"لَا, وَمُقَلِّبِ اَلْقُلُوبِ" } رَوَاهُ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ 1 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1380
Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Amr (May Allah be pleased with him)
A desert Arab came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "O Allah's Messenger, what are the major sins?" The narrator reported the Hadith and it contains: "The false oath." It contains also: I asked, "What is the false oath?" The Prophet (ﷺ) replied, "It is that (oath) by which one takes possession of the property of a Muslim person, while he is lying." [al-Bukhari reported it].وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِوٍ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: { جَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ إِلَى اَلنَّبِيِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ! مَا اَلْكَبَائِرُ?. … فَذَكَرَ اَلْحَدِيثَ, وَفِيهِ قُلْتُ: وَمَا اَلْيَمِينُ اَلْغَمُوسُ? قَالَ: " اَلَّذِي يَقْتَطِعُ مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ, هُوَ فِيهَا كَاذِبٌ" } أَخْرَجَهُ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ. 1 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1381
Narrated 'Aishah (RA) regarding the saying of Allah the Most High
"Allah will not punish you for what is unintentional in your oaths (5:89)." She said: It (was sent down about such phrases as) a person's sayying: 'No, by Allah' and 'Yes, by Allah.' [al-Bukhari reported it (Mauquf, i.e. as a saying of 'Aishah). Abu Dawud reported it as Marfu' (attributed to the Prophet).]وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا { فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿ لَا يُؤَاخِذُكُمُ اَللَّهُ بِاللَّغْوِ فِي أَيْمَانِكُمْ ﴾ 1 قَالَتْ: هُوَ قَوْلُ اَلرَّجُلِ: لَا وَاَللَّهِ. بَلَى وَاَللَّهِ } أَخْرَجَهُ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ 2 . وَأَوْرَدَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ مَرْفُوعاً 3 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1382
Narrated May Allah be pleased with him
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Verily! Allah has ninety-nine Names concerning which he who retains them in his memory will enter Paradise." [Agreed upon]. at-Tirmidhi and Ibn Hibban listed the Names. However, investigations show that their listing is Idraj (an insertion) from one of the narrators [not from the words of the Prophet].وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ "إِنَّ لِلَّهِ تِسْعًا وَتِسْعِينَ اِسْماً, مَنْ أَحْصَاهَا دَخَلَ اَلْجَنَّةَ" } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ 1 . وَسَاقَ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ اَلْأَسْمَاءِ, وَالتَّحْقِيقُ أَنَّ سَرْدَهَا إِدْرَاجٌ مِنْ بَعْضِ اَلرُّوَاةِ 2 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1383
Narrated Usama bin Zaid (RA)
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said. "If one is done a kindness and [expresses his gratitude] to his benefactor by saying 'May Allah give you a good reward', he has fully expressed his appreciation." [at-Tirmidhi reported it, and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].وَعَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ "مَنْ صُنِعَ إِلَيْهِ مَعْرُوفٌ, فَقَالَ لِفَاعِلِهِ: جَزَاكِ اَللَّهُ خَيْراً. فَقَدْ أَبْلَغَ فِي اَلثَّنَاءِ" } أَخْرَجَهُ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ 1 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1384
Narrated Ibn 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him)
The Prophet (ﷺ) forbade making vows, and said, "It does not bring good. Indeed, it is only a means by which something is extracted from the miserly." [Agreed upon].وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا, { عَنْ اَلنَّبِيِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -أَنَّهُ نَهَى عَنْ اَلنَّذْرِ وَقَالَ: " إِنَّهُ لَا يَأْتِي بِخَيْرٍ وَإِنَّمَا يُسْتَخْرَجُ بِهِ مِنْ اَلْبَخِيلِ" } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ 1 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1385
Narrated 'Uqba bin 'Aamir (RA)
Allah's Mssenger (ﷺ) said, "The atonement for a vow (Nadhr) is (the same as) the atonement an oath (Yamin)." [Reported by Muslim]. at-Tirmidhi added, "If he did not specify it." [And he graded it Sahih (authentic)].وَعَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ "كَفَّارَةُ اَلنَّذْرِ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ" } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ. 1 . وَزَادَ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ فِيهِ: { إِذَا لَمْ يُسَمِّ } , وَصَحَّحَهُ. 2 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1386
Abu Dawud has from the narration of Ibn Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him) (who reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying)
"If anyone takes a vow but does not name it, its atonement is the same as that for an oath. If anyone takes a vow to do an act of disobedience, its atonement is the same as that for an oath. If anyone takes a vow which he is unable to fulfill , its atonement is the same as that for an oath." [Its chain of narrators is authentic, but the Hadith scholars held that the strongest view is that it is Mawquf (saying of a Companion)].وَلِأَبِي دَاوُدَ: مِنْ حَدِيثِ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَرْفُوعاً: { "مِنْ نَذَرَ نَذْراً لَمْ يُسَمِّهِ, فَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ, وَمَنْ نَذَرَ نَذْراً فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ, فَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ, وَمَنْ نَذَرَ نَذْراً لَا يُطِيقُهُ, فَكَفَّارَتُهُ كَفَّارَةُ يَمِينٍ" } وَإِسْنَادُهُ صَحِيحٌ; إِلَّا أَنَّ اَلْحُفَّاظَ رَجَّحُوا وَقْفَهُ. 1 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1387
al-Bukhari has reported from the Hadith of 'Aishah (RA)
(Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said) "If anyone vows to disobey Allah, then he must not disobey Him."وَلِلْبُخَارِيِّ: مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ: { " وَمَنْ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَعْصِيَ اَللَّهَ فَلَا يَعْصِهِ" } 1 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1388
Muslim has reported from the Hadith of 'Imran (RA)
(Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said) "There is no fulfillment of a vow involving an act of disobedience." [Reported by Muslim].وَلِمُسْلِمٍ: مِنْ حَدِيثِ عِمْرَانَ: { " لَا وَفَاءَ لِنَذْرٍ فِي مَعْصِيَةٍ" } 1 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1389
Narrated 'Uqba bin 'Aamir (RA)
His sister took a vow to walk to Allah's House (for pilgrimage) barefooted. Then, she ordered him to consult Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), so he consulted him for a religious verdict and the Prophet (ﷺ) replied, "Let her walk and ride." [Agreed upon, and the wording is Muslim's].وَعَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: { نَذَرَتْ أُخْتِي أَنْ تَمْشِيَ إِلَى بَيْتِ اَللَّهِ حَافِيَةً, فَقَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -"لِتَمْشِ وَلْتَرْكَبْ" } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ, وَاللَّفْظُ لِمُسْلِمٍ. 1 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1390
Ahmad and al-Arba'a have
He said, "Verily! Allah, the Most High, will not do anything with the affliction your sister imposes on herself. Command her to cover her head and to ride, and to fast three days."وَلِلْخَمْسَةِ. 1 فَقَالَ: { " إِنَّ اَللَّهَ لَا يَصْنَعُ بِشَقَاءِ أُخْتِكَ شَيْئاً, مُرْهَا: [ فَلْتَخْتَمِرْ ], وَلْتَرْكَبْ, وَلْتَصُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ" } 2 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1391
Narrated Ibn Abbas (May Allah be pleased with him)
Sa'd bin Ubada asked Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) for a ruling regarding a vow taken by his mother who had died before fulfilling it, and he said, "Fulfill it on her behalf." [Agreed upon].وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: { اِسْتَفْتَى سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ - رضى الله عنه - رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -فِي نَذْرٍ كَانَ عَلَى أُمِّهِ, تُوُفِّيَتْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَقْضِيَهُ ? فَقَالَ: "اِقْضِهِ عَنْهَا" } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ 1 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1392
Narrated Thabit bin ad-Dahhak (RA)
that in the time of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) a man took a vow to slaughter camels at Bawana. So, he came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and asked him (about that). Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) asked, "Did the place contain any idol which was worshiped (during Jahiliyya era)?" He said, "No." He asked "Were any of their (Jahiliyya) festivals observed there?" He said, "No." He then said (to the man), "Fulfill your vow, for there is no fulfillment of a vow to do an act of disobedience to Allah, now to break the ties of relationship, nor to do something over which a human being has no control." [Reported by Abu Dawud and at-Tabarani, and the wording is his (at-Tabarani). It has a sound chain of narrators].وَعَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ اَلضَّحَّاكِ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: { نَذَرَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -أَنْ يَنْحَرَ إِبِلاً بِبُوَانَةَ, فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -فَسَأَلَهُ: فَقَالَ: "هَلْ كَانَ فِيهَا وَثَنٌ يُعْبَدُ ?" . قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: "فَهَلْ كَانَ فِيهَا عِيدٌ مِنْ أَعْيَادِهِمْ ?" فَقَالَ: لَا. 1 فَقَالَ: "أَوْفِ بِنَذْرِكَ; فَإِنَّهُ لَا وَفَاءَ لِنَذْرٍ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اَللَّهِ, وَلَا فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ, وَلَا فِيمَا لَا يَمْلِكُ اِبْنُ آدَمَ" } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ, وَهُوَ صَحِيحُ اَلْإِسْنَادِ. 2
Bulugh al-Maram 1393
It has a Shahid (supporting narration) from the Hadith of Kardam reported by Ahmad.
وَلَهُ شَاهِدٌ: مِنْ حَدِيثِ كَرْدَمٍ. عِنْدَ أَحْمَدَ 1 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1394
Narrated Jabir (bin 'Abdullah) (RA)
A man said on the day of the Fath, "O Messenger of Allah , I have vowed that if Allah opens the conquest of Makkah at your hands I shall pray in Jerusalem." He replied, "Pray here." He asked him again and he replied, "Pray here." He asked him again and he replied, "It's up to you, then." [Reported by Ahmad and Abu Dawud. al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ - رضى الله عنه - { أَنَّ رَجُلاً قَالَ يَوْمَ اَلْفَتْحِ: يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ! إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ إِنْ فَتَحَ اَللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ مَكَّةَ أَنْ أُصَلِّيَ فِي بَيْتِ اَلْمَقْدِسِ, فَقَالَ: "صَلِّ هَا هُنَا" . فَسَأَلَهُ, فَقَالَ: "صَلِّ هَا هُنَا". فَسَأَلَهُ, فَقَالَ: "شَأْنُكَ إِذًا" } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, أَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلْحَاكِمُ 1 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1395
Narrated Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (RA)
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "No (religious) journey is to be undertaken except to (pray in) the three mosques: The Sacred Mosque (Makkah), the Aqsa Mosque (Jerusalem), and this Mosque of mine (al-Madinah)." [Agreed upon, and the wording is al-Bukhari's].وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ اَلْخُدْرِيِّ - رضى الله عنه - عَنْ اَلنَّبِيِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ: { "لَا تُشَدُّ اَلرِّحَالُ إِلَّا إِلَى ثَلَاثَةِ مَسَاجِدَ: مَسْجِد اَلْحَرَامِ, وَمَسْجِدِ اَلْأَقْصَى, وَمَسْجِدِي" } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ, وَاللَّفْظُ لِلْبُخَارِيِّ 1 .
Bulugh al-Maram 1396
Narrated 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with him)
[concerning his consultation with the Prophet] He said: I said: O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), I made a vow in the Jahiliyya times to spend a night in devotion (I'tikaf) in the Sacred Mosque. He (the Prophet) said, "Fulfill your vow." [Agreed upon]. al-Bukhari added in another narration: "Then, spend a night in devotion (in the Sacred Mosque)."وَعَنْ عُمَرَ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: { قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ! إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ فِي اَلْجَاهِلِيَّةِ; أَنْ أَعْتَكِفَ لَيْلَةً فِي اَلْمَسْجِدِ اَلْحَرَامِ. قَالَ: "فَأَوْفِ بِنَذْرِكَ" } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ 1 وَزَادَ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةٍ 2 { فَاعْتَكَفَ لَيْلَةً } 3 .
