‘Abdallah b. ‘Amr reported Allah's Messenger ﷺ as saying, “Allah does not take away knowledge by removing it from men, but takes it away by taking away the learned, so that when He leaves no learned man, men will take ignorant men as leaders. Causes will be presented to them and they will pass judgement without knowledge, erring and leading others into error.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)

Umm Salama said that Allah's Messenger ﷺ used to command her to fast three days every month beginning with Monday or Thursday. Abu Dawud and Nasa’i transmitted it.

Muslim al-Qurashi said that he or someone else asked Allah's Messenger ﷺ about perpetual fasting, and he replied, “You have a duty to your family. Fast during Ramadan and the following month, and every Wednesday and Thursday. You will then have observed a perpetual fast." Abu Dawud and Tirmidhi transmitted it.

Abu Huraira said that Allah's Messenger ﷺ prohibited fasting on the day of ‘Arafa at ‘Arafa. Abu Dawud transmitted it.

‘Abdallah b. Busr, on the authority of his sister as-Samma’, reported Allah's Messenger ﷺ as saying, “Do not fast on Saturday except during what has been made obligatory for you; and if one of you can get nothing but a grape skin or a piece of wood from a tree, he should chew it.” Ahmad, Abu Dawud, Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah and Darimi transmitted it.

Abu Umama reported Allah's Messenger ﷺ as saying, "If anyone fasts for a day while on jihad,* Allah will put between him and hell a ditch as wide as the distance between heaven and earth." *Mirqat gives this meaning, but says it may refer to the hajj, the 'umra, seeking knowledge, or desiring to please Allah. The Arabic is 'in Allah’s way.' Tirmidhi transmitted it.

‘Amir b. Mas'ud reported Allah's Messenger ﷺ as saying, “Fasting in winter is booty gained without trouble.”* *Literally, 'the cold booty.' The idea is that in winter one does not suffer from hunger and thirst as in summer. Ahmad and Tirmidhi transmitted it, the latter saying this is a mursal tradition.

The tradition of Abu Huraira, “No days are dearer to Allah”, has been mentioned in the chapter on the sacrifices.* *Reference to the first ten days of the month of Dhul Hijjah.

Ibn ‘Abbas said that Allah's Messenger ﷺ came to Medina and found the Jews observing the fast on the day of ‘Ashura’, so he asked them what was the significance of that day which they were observing and they replied, “It is a great day on which Allah delivered Moses and his people and drowned Pharaoh and his people; so Moses observed it as a fast out of gratitude, and we do so also.” He said, “We have more right, and we have a closer connection with Moses than you have,” so Allah's Messenger ﷺ observed it as a fast himself and gave orders that it should be observed. (Bukhari and Muslim.)

Umm Salama said that Allah's Messenger ﷺ used to fast on Saturdays and Sundays more than on other days, and he used to say, “They are days of festival for the polytheists, and I like to act contrary to them.” Ahmad transmitted it.

Jabir b. Samura said, “Allah’s messenger used to command us to observe the day of ‘Ashura’ as a fast, urge us to observe it and pay attention to us when it came; but when Ramadan was made obligatory he neither commanded nor forbade us to observe it, nor did he pay attention to us when it came.” Muslim transmitted it.