Mishkat
al-Masabih

مشكاة المصابيح

03

Purification

كتاب الطهارة

 

Chapter 2a: Circumstances which make ablution necessary - Section 1

باب ما يوجب الوضوء - الفصل الأول

Mishkat al-Masabih 303, 304

Abu Huraira said that he heard Allah's Messenger ﷺ say, “Perform ablution because of anything which has been touched by fire.” Muslim transmitted it. The illustrious shaikh and imam Muhyi as-Sunna said that this is abrogated by the tradition of Ibn ‘Abbas who said that Allah's Messenger ﷺ ate a shoulder of mutton, then prayed without performing ablution. (Bukhari and Muslim.)

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «توضؤوا مِمَّا مَسَّتِ النَّارُ» . رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ الإِمَام الْأَجَل محيي السّنة: هَذَا مَنْسُوخ بِحَدِيث ابْن عَبَّاس: قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَكَلَ كَتِفَ شَاةٍ ثُمَّ صلى وَلم يتَوَضَّأ

Chapter 17b: Chapter - Section 2

باب - الفصل الثاني

Mishkat al-Masabih 3030

Abu ‘Uthman an-Nahdi reported Allah's Messenger ﷺ as saying, "When one of you is given basil he must not reject it, for it has come forth from paradise.” Tirmidhi transmitted it in mursal form.

وَعَن أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدَيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسلم: «إِذا أعْطى أحدكُم الرَّيْحَانَ فَلَا يَرُدُّهُ فَإِنَّهُ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ» . رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيّ مُرْسلا

Chapter 17c: Chapter - Section 3

باب - الفصل الثالث

Mishkat al-Masabih 3031

Jabir told that Bashir’s wife asked her husband* to give her son his slave and call Allah's Messenger ﷺ as witness for her. He went to him and said, "The daughter of so and so has asked me to give her son my slave and said that I must call Allah's Messenger ﷺ as witness for her.” He asked whether the boy had brothers, and when he replied that he had, he asked whether he had given them all the same as he had given him. On being told that he had not, he said, "This is not good, and I will be a witness only for what is right.” * The literal translation is "Bashir's wife said

Give my son your slave.” This was presumably said to her husband. Muslim transmitted it.

عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَتِ امْرَأَةُ بَشِيرٍ: انْحَلِ ابْنِي غُلَامَكَ وَأَشْهِدْ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ ابْنَةَ فُلَانٍ سَأَلَتْنِي أَنْ أَنْحَلَ ابْنَهَا غُلَامِي وَقَالَتْ: أَشْهِدْ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: «أَلَهُ إِخْوَةٌ؟» قَالَ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «أَفَكُلَّهُمْ أَعْطَيْتَهُمْ مِثْلَ مَا أَعْطَيْتَهُ؟» قَالَ: لَا قَالَ: «فَلَيْسَ يَصْلُحُ هَذَا وَإِنِّي لَا أَشْهَدُ إِلَّا على حق» . رَوَاهُ مُسلم

Chapter 18a: Finds - Section 1

باب اللقطة - الفصل الأول

Mishkat al-Masabih 3032

Abu Huraira said that when Allah's Messenger ﷺ was brought first fruits he saw him put them on his eyes and lips and then say, "0 Allah, as Thou hast shown us the first of it, show us the last of it.” He would then give them to any boys who were present. Baihaqi transmitted it in [Kitab] ad-Da'awat al-kabir.

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِذَا أُتِيَ بِبَاكُورَةِ الْفَاكِهَةِ وَضَعَهَا عَلَى عَيْنَيْهِ وَعَلَى شَفَتَيْهِ وَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ كَمَا أَرَيْتَنَا أَوَّلَهُ فَأَرِنَا آخِرَهُ» ثُمَّ يُعْطِيهَا مَنْ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الصِّبْيَانِ. رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيّ فِي الدَّعْوَات الْكَبِير

Mishkat al-Masabih 3033

Zaid b. Khalid told that when a man came to Allah's Messenger ﷺ and asked him about a find he said, “Note what it is contained in and what it is tied with and make the matter known for a year. Then if its owner comes give it to him, otherwise you can do what you like with it.” He asked about stray sheep (or goats) and he replied, “You, your brother, or the wolf may have them.” He asked about stray camels and he replied, “What have you to do with them? They have their stomachs and their feet. They can go down to water and eat trees till their master finds them.” In a version by Muslim he said, “Make the matter known for a year, then note what it is contained in and what it is tied with and use it for your own purposes, but if its owner comes you must deliver it to him*.” * This tradition says that after a year the finder may do as he likes with the article, but that if the owner turns up later he must restore it to him, or give him an equivalent if he has disposed of it. (Bukhari and Muslim.)

عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ اللُّقَطَةِ فَقَالَ: «اعْرِفْ عِفَاصَهَا وَوِكَاءَهَا ثُمَّ عَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا وَإِلَّا فَشَأْنُكَ بِهَا» . قَالَ: فَضَالَّةُ الْغَنَمِ؟ قَالَ: «هِيَ لَكَ أَوْ لِأَخِيكَ أَوْ لِلذِّئْبِ» قَالَ: فَضَالَّةُ الْإِبِل؟ قَالَ: «مَالك وَلَهَا؟ مَعَهَا سِقَاؤُهَا وَحِذَاؤُهَا تَرِدُ الْمَاءَ وَتَأْكُلُ الشَّجَرَ حَتَّى يَلْقَاهَا رَبُّهَا» . مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِمُسْلِمٍ: فَقَالَ: «عَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً ثُمَّ اعْرِفْ وِكَاءَهَا وَعِفَاصَهَا ثُمَّ اسْتَنْفِقَ بِهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَ رَبهَا فأدها إِلَيْهِ»

Mishkat al-Masabih 3034

He reported Allah's Messenger ﷺ as saying, “He who gives refuge to a stray is astray himself as long as he does not make the matter known.” Muslim transmitted it.

وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنْ آوَى ضَالَّةً فَهُوَ ضَالٌّ مَا لم يعرفهَا» . رَوَاهُ مُسلم

Mishkat al-Masabih 3035

‘Abd ar-Rahman b. ‘Uthman at-Taimi said that Allah's Messenger ﷺ prohibited taking what a pilgrim has dropped. Muslim transmitted it.

وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ التَّيَمِيِّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَن لقطَة الْحَاج. رَوَاهُ مُسلم

Chapter 18b: Finds - Section 2

باب اللقطة

Mishkat al-Masabih 3036

‘Amr b. Shu'aib, on his father’s authority, said his grandfather told that Allah's Messenger ﷺ was asked about hanging fruit and said, “If a needy person takes some and does not take a supply away in his garment he is not to be blamed, but he who carries any of it away is to be fined twice the value and punished and he who steals any of it after it has been put in the place where dates are dried is to have his hand cut off if their value reaches the price of a shield*.” Regarding stray camels and sheep (Or 'goats') he mentioned the same as others have done. He said he was asked about finds and replied, “If it is in a frequented road and a large town make the matter known for a year and if its owner comes give it to him, but if he does not it belongs to you; but if it is in a place which has been waste from ancient times, or if it is hidden treasure belonging to the pre-Islamic period it is subject to payment of the fifth.” *The price of a shield in the Prophet’s time is said to have been a quarter of a dinar. Ten dirhams is also mentioned Nasa’i transmitted it. Abu Dawud transmitted from ‘Amr from “he was asked about finds” to the end.

عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الثَّمَرِ الْمُعَلَّقِ فَقَالَ: «مَنْ أَصَابَ مِنْهُ مِنْ ذِي حَاجَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَّخِذٍ خُبْنَةً فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ وَمَنْ خَرَجَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهُ فَعَلَيْهِ غَرَامَةُ مِثْلَيْهِ وَالْعُقُوبَةُ وَمَنْ سَرَقَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا بَعْدَ أَنْ يُؤْوِيَهُ الْجَرِينَ فَبَلَغَ ثَمَنَ الْمِجَنِّ فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَطْعُ» وَذَكَرَ فِي ضَالَّة الْإِبِل وَالْغنم كَمَا ذكر غَيْرُهُ قَالَ: وَسُئِلَ عَنِ اللُّقَطَةِ فَقَالَ: «مَا كَانَ مِنْهَا فِي الطَّرِيقِ الْمِيتَاءِ وَالْقَرْيَةِ الْجَامِعَةِ فَعَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا فَادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ فَهُوَ لَكَ وَمَا كَانَ فِي الْخَرَابِ الْعَادِيِّ فَفِيهِ وَفِي الرِّكَازِ الْخُمُسُ» . رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ وَرَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ عَنْهُ مِنْ قَوْله: وَسُئِلَ عَن اللّقطَة إِلَى آخِره

Mishkat al-Masabih 3037

Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said that ‘Ali b. Abu Talib found a dinar and after taking it to Fatima asked Allah's Messenger ﷺ about it. He replied that this was Allah’s provision, and Allah's Messenger ﷺ, ‘Ali and Fatima ate food which was bought with it. But afterwards a woman came crying out about the dinar and Allah's Messenger ﷺ said, “Pay the dinar, ‘Ali.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.

وَعَن أبي سعيد الْخُدْرِيّ: أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَجَدَ دِينَارًا فَأتى بِهِ فَاطِمَة رَضِي الله عَنْهَا فَسَأَلَ عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «هَذَا رِزْقُ اللَّهِ» فَأَكَلَ مِنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأكل عَليّ وَفَاطِمَة رَضِي الله عَنْهُمَا فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَتَتِ امْرَأَةٌ تَنْشُدُ الدِّينَارَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «يَا عَلِيُّ أَدِّ الدِّينَارَ» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد

Mishkat al-Masabih 3038

Al-Jarud reported Allah's Messenger ﷺ as saying, “A Muslim’s lost property is a cause of the flame of hell*.” * i.e. when the finder, wishing to keep the article, does not make public the fact that he has found it. Darimi transmitted it.

وَعَنِ الْجَارُودِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «ضَالَّةُ الْمُسْلِمِ حَرَقُ النَّارِ» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُد

Mishkat al-Masabih 3039

‘Iyad b. Himar reported Allah's Messenger ﷺ as saying, “He who finds Something should call one or two trusty people as witness and not conceal it or cover it up; then if he finds its owner he should return it to him, otherwise it is Allah’s property which he gives to whom He will.” Ahmad, Abu Dawud and Darimi transmitted it.

وَعَنْ عِيَاضِ بْنِ حِمَارٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنْ وَجَدَ لُقَطَةً فَلْيُشْهِدْ ذَا عَدْلٍ أَوْ ذَوِي عَدْلٍ وَلَا يَكْتُمْ وَلَا يُغَيِّبْ فَإِنْ وَجَدَ صَاحِبَهَا فَلْيَرُدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ وَإِلَّا فَهُوَ مَالُ اللَّهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ» . رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالدَّارِمِيُّ